Abstract
Laser surface heat treatment and laser nitriding processes were applied using selective surface modification techniques to investigate phase transformation, microstructural evolution, and surface hardening behaviors for two types of plastic injection mold steels, AISI 1045 and P21. During laser surface heat treatment, a 245% hardness increase compared to that of..... More

Abstract
The ability to form high quality nano-/micro- patterns is very important for the nanofabrication of high-density electronic devices. However, remaining challenges have yet to be resolved, including low quality roughness, low pattern resolution, and the highly complex process. In this study, we suggest a novel and simple method for creating..... More

Abstract
The effects of heat treatment conditions on the mechanical properties and energy absorption capacity of 7003 (Al-6Zn-0.6Mg) aluminum alloy were studied. The extruded material was heat treated at various temperatures to prepare annealed or aged specimens. Tensile tests, hardness measurements, electron backscatter diffraction characterizations, and differential scanning calorimeter analyses were..... More

Abstract
The effect of thiourea on the nano-mechanical and chemical properties of Ni-P foil was studied to develop a high performance Ni-P deposit for automobile and machinery parts. The Ni-P deposit was prepared by electroforming in a modified sulphate bath with different amounts of thiourea. Chemical analysis of the electrodeposited Ni-P..... More

Abstract
The use of locally developed high performance alloys in power plants has become essential in the past ten years. Application of these alloys has been difficult because of a shortage of field demonstration testing, and the lack of lab-based test data. In this work, three types of locally developed heat..... More

Abstract
Partially double-filled skutterudites were prepared via encapsulated melting and hot pressing processes. The skutterudite phase was successfully synthesized through partial double filling of La/Yb and substitution of Co. A small quantity of secondary phase (marcasite FeSb₂) was formed, but its formation was suppressed by increasing Co charge compensation. The marcasite..... More

Abstract
Fe(III) can be easily extracted from weak acidic solutions by organophosphorus extractants, but stripping a large amount of Fe(III) from the loaded extractants is very difficult. The extraction and stripping of Fe(III) from 2 pH chloride and sulfate solutions was performed with ionic liquids(ILs) and organophosphorus acidic extractants, and the..... More

Abstract
Fe-36%Ni steels have a much lower thermal expansion coefficient than stainless steels and aluminum alloys for low temperature. They also have moderately high strength and good toughness at cryogenic temperatures because of its stable austenite phase. These excellent low temperature characteristics make this alloy attractive for cryogenic applications such as..... More

Abstract
Rails are subjected to repeated stresses due to wheel-rail contact during train service. Rails under stress conditions undergo microstructural changes, and these cause degradations of the structural integrity and lifetime of rails. In this study, three different rails (newly-manufactured rail, newly-manufactured head-hardened rail, and worn (used) rail) were compared to..... More

Abstract
A porous material can be regarded as a mixture of pores and solid phases, with effective thermal and mechanical properties that significantly differ from those of its base material. Material effective properties depend greatly on the structure and porosity. The effective properties of materials with different pore structures can vary..... More

Abstract
A large amount of waste nickel-cadmium batteries are being produced, and various studies have been conducted to recover the valuable metals contained in the batteries. Solvent extraction is mainly used to recover nickel and cadmium, but that method has economic and environmental problems. In this study, to solve these problems,..... More

Abstract
Evaluation of electrode degradation in resistance spot welding of 1180TRIP steel was carried out through an electrode life test, and weldability testing was performed by the measurement of the nugget size, the peak load analysis and the measurement of the electrode tip size at 30 intervals. Analysis of the change..... More

Abstract
Open-pored metal foams have been partly used for orthopedic or dental applications because of their good bone ingrowth behavior and low elastic modulus. In this paper, we report a method that can produce open-pored Ti foams using a technique that combines the powder injection molding process and feedstocks containing expandable..... More

Abstract
The dehydrogenation rates of graphene-added Mg (named Mg-5graphene) were very low at 573 K and 593 K. Ni was added to increase the dehydrogenation rates of graphene-added Mg. Samples (designated as Mg-2.5Ni-2.5graphene) with a composition of 95 wt% Mg + 2.5 wt% Ni + 2.5 wt% graphene were prepared by..... More

Abstract
Electrodialysis was used to develop a highly efficient process for concentrating and recovering Li from the Li-containing waste solution that is generated after recovering Co and Ni from a leach solution of waste cathode materials of Li ion batteries. The optimum conditions were investigated by comparing the concentration of Li..... More

Abstract
Cast Ti–44Al–6Nb–2Cr–0.3Si–0.1C alloy having good air-oxidation resistance was corroded under 1 atm of flowing 0.2%SO₂/Ar gas at 900-1100 ^oC for 50-300 h in order to examine its corrosion behavior in a SO₂-containing environment, because SO₂ is an industrially important by-product in the field of combustion and processing of fossil fuels...... More

Abstract
Spent lithium ion batteries contain cobalt, copper, lithium, manganese and nickel. Recovery of these metals with high purity from spent lithium ion batteries is of importance. A sulfuric acid solution is generally employed for the treatment of spent lithium ion batteries, but it is difficult to separate these metal ions..... More

Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks are used in many applications, such as gas separation, catalysis, and the synthesis of nanomaterials. Metal-organic frameworks show superior stability at high temperature, which makes them potentially useful for the adsorption of metal ions from leaching solutions at high temperature. In this work, UIO-66-NH₂, a zirconium(IV) based metal-organic..... More

Abstract
Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) of bulk AlN was performed with colloidal silica slurry at pH 9 for different times. The result shows that colloidal silica slurry at pH 9, which has the relatively high surface charge of -50.7 mV is most stable, and it was selected as chemically optimum condition..... More

Abstract
Alloys of Fe-12Cr-0.3C-4Mn-(13, 14, 15)Cu (wt%) were cast using an induction furnace. They were structurally heterogeneous composites that consisted of a relatively stiff α-Fe matrix and a soft (Cu, Mn)-rich secondary phase. They were developed as self-lubricating, wear-resistant metals. Since the formation of oxides plays an important role in wear,..... More

Abstract
The effect of annealing temperature on shape memory properties in the Ti-44.5Ni-5Cu and Ti-45.2Ni-5Cu(at%) alloys was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and tensile testing. The martensitic transformation temperature of Ti-44.5Ni-5Cu(at%) increased from 308K to 324K with increasing annealing temperature and did not change with further increasing annealing temperature. This..... More

Abstract
The dynamic precipitation evolution of Mg-3 wt% Zn alloy during extrusion was evaluated in this study. Precipitation evolution during aging has been well investigated for the Mg-Zn alloy, which is known as static precipitation. However, little attention has been given to dynamic precipitation in Mg-Zn alloy. In order to evaluate..... More

Abstract
The repairing parts were fabricated by PBF (powder bed fusion) using direct energy deposition (DED), interfacial cracks can occur at the interface between the substrate and the area to be repaired. Such interfacial defects are due to the thermal stress induced by the temperature gradient which results from repeated melting..... More

Abstract
We investigated the effects of materials and the film thickness of hole transport layers (HTLs) on inverted type perovskite solar cells using optics-charge transport coupled simulations. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), and the variations in efficiency induced by the film thickness dispersion, were intensively studied, to compare potential HTLs candidates like..... More

Abstract
A Cu composite reinforced by a three-dimensionally interconnected graphene network was synthesized in situ by a simple two-step process utilizing compacted Cu powder (99% purity) as a template for the growth of graphene. Cu composites with different graphene contents were obtained by controlling the processing parameters. The composites were approximated..... More

Abstract
To investigate the effect of anodic oxidation process parameters on TiO₂ nanotube formation in Ti-6Al-4V alloys, the composition of NH₄F and H₂O in the anodic oxidation processes were changed under the conditions of constant DC power ranging from 20 V to 60V and current density ranging from 10 mA to..... More

Abstract
To decompose dye in aqueous solution, Pd nanoparticle-decorated TiO₂ nanotube photocatalysts were fabricated through electrochemical anodization and photoreduction processes. Morphological and surface characterization of the TiO₂/Pd heterojunction photocatalyst, as well as photoelectrochemical behaviors, were investigated by X-ray diffraction, UV/Vis diffuse reflectance and photocurrent response. It was found that the precipitated..... More

Abstract
Terbium and dysprosium are rare earth elements which are employed in the manufacture of advanced materials. Separating Tb(III) and Dy(III) is very complicated because their chemical properties are similar. In order to develop a separation process based on solvent extraction, extraction and scrubbing experiments were conducted using weak hydrochloric solutions..... More

Abstract
In this study, the effects of rolling temperature on the microstructural characteristics of a highspeed-rolled Mg alloy with a non-basal texture were investigated. To this end, commercial AZ31 alloy samples in which the basal poles of most grains were tilted at an angle of 45° from the normal direction (ND)..... More

Abstract
In this work, the angular distribution of the sputtered Cu flux in a long throw sputtering (LTS) system is extracted from the comparison of experimentally-measured profiles of deposited films with simulated profiles of films in overhang contact structure. And effects of the sputtering process parameters such as Ar pressure during..... More